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Introduction to EDCs and the obesity epidemicĬ. Environmental Chemicals, Obesity, and MetabolismĪ. Environmental chemicals impacting the thyroid hormone receptor Environmental chemicals impacting thyroid hormone transport, metabolism, and clearanceĭ. Environmental chemicals impacting thyroid functionĬ. Hormonal targets of neuroendocrine disruptionī. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) effects of EDCsĭ. Endocrine disruption of reproductive neuroendocrine systemsī. Evidence and mechanisms for EDC effects on the prostateĪ.
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Semen quality: temporal trends and EDC exposureī. Male reproductive function and developmentĬ. Introduction to male reproductive healthī. Male Reproductive and Developmental Health: The Human EvidenceĪ. Perinatal exposure to environmentally relevant levels of endocrine disruptors Susceptibility of the mammary gland during the perinatal periodĮ. Susceptibility of the breast during puberty and adulthoodĭ.
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Windows of vulnerability to carcinogenic agents and “natural” risk factorsĬ. Endocrine Disruptors, Mammary Gland Development, and Breast CancerĪ. Premature ovarian failure, decreased ovarian reserve, aneuploidy, and granulosa steroidogenesis Introduction to female reproductive development and functionĬ. Clinical and Translational Impacts of EDCs on Female ReproductionĪ. Experimental and clinical evidence of EDCs and potential mechanisms Clinical dimorphism of EDCs on male and female reproductionĬ. Clinical aspects of endocrine disruption in humansī. Overview of Endocrine Disruption and Reproductive Health from a Clinical PerspectiveĪ. The role of endocrinologists in discerning effects of EDCs Important issues in endocrine disruptionī. General Introduction to Endocrine DisruptionĪ. We make a number of recommendations to increase understanding of effects of EDCs, including enhancing increased basic and clinical research, invoking the precautionary principle, and advocating involvement of individual and scientific society stakeholders in communicating and implementing changes in public policy and awareness. Furthermore, EDCs represent a broad class of molecules such as organochlorinated pesticides and industrial chemicals, plastics and plasticizers, fuels, and many other chemicals that are present in the environment or are in widespread use. The mechanisms of EDCs involve divergent pathways including (but not limited to) estrogenic, antiandrogenic, thyroid, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, retinoid, and actions through other nuclear receptors steroidogenic enzymes neurotransmitter receptors and systems and many other pathways that are highly conserved in wildlife and humans, and which can be modeled in laboratory in vitro and in vivo models.
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Results from animal models, human clinical observations, and epidemiological studies converge to implicate EDCs as a significant concern to public health. In this first Scientific Statement of The Endocrine Society, we present the evidence that endocrine disruptors have effects on male and female reproduction, breast development and cancer, prostate cancer, neuroendocrinology, thyroid, metabolism and obesity, and cardiovascular endocrinology. There is growing interest in the possible health threat posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are substances in our environment, food, and consumer products that interfere with hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or action resulting in a deviation from normal homeostatic control or reproduction.